Kramer How Did You Know About the Guy in the Park
Гипермаркет знаний>>Английский язык>>Английский язык 11 класс>> Spotlight on Russian federation
Our names are Ann and Nib and nosotros desire to welcome you to this edition of §3 Spotlight on Russia. We are both Year 11 students from Ridgeway Secondary Schoolhouse in Liverpool, England. We are very lucky to exist living and studying in Russian federation this twelvemonth every bit part of a student substitution programme.
Spotlight on Russia has invited us to work for the magazine every bit guest editors. This twelvemonth we will be travelling across this amazing country and learning as much every bit nosotros tin can about Russian culture, geography, ecology issues, free-time activities and much more than. We'll share our impressions of life in Russian federation with you, and we promise you'll tell us more about different aspects of life in your neat land!
Please send u.s. your ideas about places we should run into and things we should practice while we are here. You tin contact us by email at bill&[email protected] Think, teenagers from all over the world read this terrific mag, so this is a great opportunity to allow people know most your country!
We hope you enjoy our manufactures.
Bill Ann
Contents
1 Life
Different means of life in Russia
2 Culture
Tsaritsyno
3 Dostoyevsky
Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Law-breaking & Punishment
4 Tradition
Sometime New year
5 Luck
Russian superstitions
6 Infinite
Mir Orbital Circuitous
7 Success
Irina Kolesnikova achieved success confronting all the odds
viii Exploring Russia
Russia is a huge state so, of form, the style of life can be very unlike depending on where people alive.
Spotlight on Russia looks at different ways of life in Russia
A quarter of the population of Russian federation, about 40 one thousand thousand people, live in villages. Russia's size means hamlet life has hardly changed in centuries and is however very traditional, although quite difficult. People's livelihoods depend on crops and livestock. They must work in the fields and tend to their animals. The summer harvest has to last through the wintertime and often the simply manner for people to brand coin is to sell their produce at the market place in the nearest town or city. Still, the isolation and simplicity that makes viilage life difficult is also what makes information technology wonderful. There are no factories or traffic, only fresh air, clear streams and cute forests.
LIFE ON THE Black Bounding main
The best stretch of coastline in Russia is in the south¬east on the declension of the Black Sea. This is where many Russians become for their summer holidays. It is a densely populated surface area and the people who alive there brand their living from the tourists who come for their holidays betwixt May and October. Every business firm has rooms to rent and the streets and beaches are crowded with people selling all sorts of souvenirs and refreshments. In that location are too many different types of water sports available.
• Where do y'all live?
• Does your lifestyle depend on the place
you live in? If yes, how? If no, why not?
LIFE IN THE NORTH
In the far north of Russia, conditions are harsh and life is very hard. This is where you will detect big oil fields and mining operations. Big companies concenter people to work and live there by giving them high salaries and free housing. Even so, many people leave afterwards a short time because they cannot cope with the freezing cold conditions and temperatures as low every bit - 50°.
ACTIVITY
Describe the place where you lot alive. What is it like to live in that location? Write to Spotlight on Russia and tell us all almost if
Culture
Taking a walk in the park in Moscow has never been and then skilful now that the Tsaritsyno Estate has fifty-fifty more to offer.
Twenty minutes from downtown Moscow, you will find the Tsaritsyno Manor. It is a huge palace and park whose official proper noun is the State Historical, Architectural, Art and Mural Museum Reserve Tsaritsyno. The park covers an area of over 700 hectares and has cute scenery. The waters of the Upper Tsaritsyno pond together with the Shipilovsky and Borisovsky ponds course the largest group of ponds in Moscow.
The palace was built as a royal residence for Catherine the Great by the famous Russian architect, Vasiliy Bazhenov in a romantic gothic manner. All the same, afterwards x years of structure, the tsarina was unhappy and tore many of the buildings down when she saw them, in 1785. Another architect, Matvey Kazakov, was ordered to rebuild the palace, simply it was not completed before Catherine's death.
Over the next two hundred years the palatial estate turned into majestic ruins. Although information technology was abandoned, it became a favourite place for Muscovites to spend time outdoors. Finally, in 1984 a decision was reached to completely restore Tsaritsyno's architecture and park, and brand information technology the home of the State Museum of Arts and crafts of the Peoples of the USSR. The majority of the architectural monuments have at present been restored and the grounds have been renovated.
Today visitors tin can encounter collections of modern craft including porcelain, drinking glass, ceramics, decorative textiles, tapestries, leather, jewellery and more. Original creations from leading artists of various generations, national schools, and creative orientations are on display. Excursions, educational programmes, concerts, festive events likewise as the beauty of the park and ponds also wait visitors.
The restoration of the Grand Palace was completed by the terminate of 2007. Large-calibration restoration and landscaping of the park and the ponds were also carried out. Tsaritsyno, a precious stone of Russian civilisation, has a k time to come.
• Have you ever visited Tsaritsyno?
• Subsequently reading this would you like to?
Give reasons why (not).
Which famous Russian authors accept you read? We learnt nearly the most famous Russian novelist and his best known work.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was a Russian novelist whose work has had a huge impact on world literature. He is nevertheless the most widely read author in Russian federation.
"Crime and Penalisation" (1866) is the story of a swain, Raskolnikov, who believes that he can commit any criminal offence because he has something worthy to offer humanity. He commits murder to try and prove his theory, but and then he has to struggle with his guilty conscience. He tries to help a man he sees get hit by a carriage, but the homo dies. He gives all his money to the man'southward widow and becomes attached to his girl, Sonia. He sympathises with her and sees her suffering as noble. He finally confesses to Sonia and goes to a Siberian prison for viii years. Sonia follows him and helps him to reform.
Part 4 Chapter 4
"What's to be done, what's to be done?" repeated Sonia, weeping hysterically and wringing her easily.
"What's to exist done? Intermission what must exist broken, once and for all, that'due south all, and take the suffering on oneself. What, you lot don't understand? You'll understand later....
Freedom and power, and to a higher place all, power! Over all trembling creation and all the pismire-heap! ... That's the goal, remember that! That's my adieu message. Maybe information technology's the last time I shall speak to you. If I don't come tomorrow, you'll hear of it all, and then remember these words. And some day after on, in years to come, you'll understand perchance what they meant. If I come tomorrow, I'll tell you who killed Lizaveta.... Good-bye." Sonia started with terror.
"Why, do you lot know who killed her?", she asked, chilled with horror, looking wildly at him.
"I know and volition tell... you lot, but you. I have called you out. I'm not coming to you to enquire forgiveness, but simply to tell y'all. I chose yous out long agone to hear this, when your father talked of you lot and when Lizaveta was alive, I thought of it. Expert-bye, don't milkshake easily. Tomorrow!" He went out. Sonia gazed at him every bit at a madman. Simply she herself was like i insane and felt information technology. Her head was going round.
"Proficient heavens, how does he know who killed Lizaveta? What did those words mean? Information technology's atrocious!" Just at the same time the thought did not enter her caput, not for a moment! "Oh, he must be terribly unhappy!... He has abandoned his mother and sis.... What for? What has happened? And what had he in his mind? What did he say to her? He had kissed her foot and said... said (yes, he had said it conspicuously) that he could non live without her.... Oh, merciful heavens!"
Sonia spent the whole night feverish and delirious. She jumped upwardly from time to time, wept and wrung her hands, then sank over again into feverish sleep and dreamt of Polenka, Katerina Ivanovna and Lizaveta, of reading the gospel and him... him with pale face up, with called-for eyes... kissing her anxiety, weeping.
On the other side of the door on the right, which divided Sonia'south room from Madame Resslich's flat, was a room which had long stood empty. A carte was stock-still on the gate and a discover stuck in the windows over the culvert advert information technology to let. Sonia had long been accustomed to the rooms being uninhabited. Only all that fourth dimension Mr. Svidrigailov had been standing, listening at the door of the empty room. When Raskolnikov went out he stood still, thought a moment, went on tiptoe to his own room which adjoined the empty one, brought a chair, and noiselessly carried it to the door that led to Sonia's room. The chat had struck him as interesting and remarkable, and he had greatly enjoyed it - so much that he brought a chair that he might not in the future, tomorrow, for instance, take to endure the inconvenience of continuing a whole hr, merely might listen in comfort.
• How do you feel near reading Dostoyevsky in English?
• Have you read 'Crime and Penalty'? If aye, what do you remember of the novel? If no, why not?
ACTIVITY
Write a brusque biography of your favourite Russian author and depict their most successful novel. Send information technology to us
at// www.spotlightonrussia.ru
We all know when New Twelvemonth is, right? Well, actually, it depends which agenda you employ. Russians are lucky, they celebrate twice.
People counted time in many unlike ways until the Romans changed everyone to their system of counting time from the date Rome was founded. Afterward Rome conquered Egypt, Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar based on a Babylonian model. Information technology had 365 days divided into 12 months with an actress day every fourth year.
Then, in 527 Advertizement, a Roman abbot, Dionysius Exiguus, brought in the Anno Domini calendar numbering the years from Jesus' nativity. However, every 131 years the calendar would be out by one twenty-four hour period, since the distance the world travelled around the sun grew shorter from 365,2422 to 365,2419 days. Over the centuries this became a problem, equally Easter was later and later in the twelvemonth.
Pope Gregory 13 used the calendar of astronomer Christopher Clavius to make reforms. Clavius used mathematics and astronomy to calculate the new calendar. Most countries accepted the calendar straight away, but Britain only adopted the modern calendar, in 1752, and Orthodox Russia was forced to prefer the new changes when the Bolsheviks came to ability, in 1917.
In many countries however, including Russia, both the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar are used. So, for the Russians, Christmas is on 7th January with Begetter Frost and other traditions and New year's day is on 1st January, but they gloat a second New Year on 13th January. The first one is the New New Twelvemonth and the second ane is the Old New year's day.
New year's Day on 1st January in Russia is a public holiday and is historic with fireworks and elaborate large meals and other festivities. The Old New year's day by the Julian agenda is informally observed. For many this is a cornball family holiday ending the holiday season.
The Old New Yr tradition besides features in popular culture and art. Mikhail Roshchin wrote a comedy drama for the phase, in 1973, chosen The Old New Year, which played in theatres for many years. It was also a TV film released past Mosfilm studios in 1980 which featured famous actors and music by Sergei Nikitin, with lyrics by Boris Pasternak.
ACTIVITY
Describe how yous gloat the Onetime New
Yr and the New Yr to your partner.
• Which celebration exercise you prefer? Why?
• Would y'all like to celebrate Easter twice? Why (not)?
How superstitious are you? We decided to investigate to see how superstitious Russian people are.
Some Russian people are very superstitious. Some of their superstitions are the aforementioned as in other countries, such as black cats De -: t-, jCKy, while others are peculiar :O Russian federation. Who would imagine that TS untucky to give yellowish flowers or an ccc number of flowers?
Nigh of these weird superstitions come from folk stones or fairy tales. They are related to the infidel conventionalities that in that location are spirits that live in woodlands, rivers, farmyards and houses. The business firm spirit is called Domovoy and he is supposed to live in the forepart doorway. There are many superstitions related to him, including the one that says it's bad luck to shake hands or osculation through a doorway because it will offend him.
Superstitious Russians are firm believers in knocking on woods and spitting to ward off bad luck and evil spirits. If anyone makes a annotate hinting virtually something bad or unpleasant that might happen, some Russians believe that they are inviting bad luck and volition rush to find some wood to knock on to annul it. They may also spit over their left shoulder three times. They sometimes as well practise this if they receive a compliment in social club to go along away the evil eye and avert a change in their luck.
Apart from strange ways of avoiding bad luck, some of the things Russians believe to bring adept luck are only as odd. For example, seeing a pig on the street is considered to be very good luck. Although that is quite rare these days!
• Are yous superstitious?
• Which superstitions do yous believe in?
ACTIVITY
Collect information virtually
superstitions from another
and write an commodity almost them
Information technology's 50 years since Russian federation sent the outset bogus satellite into space. Nosotros decided to look at another milestone in space history.
Spotlight on Russia finds out about Mir
Prussia has a long and distinguished history imin infinite. Information technology was the offset country to send a satellite into space, the kickoff land to transport a human being into space and the commencement country to launch a space station into space. Even now, as the International Infinite Station is still in its early on days, the Russians have already 'been there and done that'.
The Mir Orbital Complex was in orbit for fifteen years, three times longer than initially planned. During that time, there were many manned missions to and from information technology and many spacewalks.
Mir took 10 years to build. The primary slice or module weighing 20 tonnes, was launched into space in 1986. A farther six modules were launched individually and added to the main module making a total weight of 130 tonnes. The main module contained the living quarters for two cosmonauts in tiny cabins with windows. The commencement two crew members were Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Soloviev.
Each module had a special purpose. Kvant was used for ten-ray and UV astronomy, Kvant ii was used every bit an experimental manoeuvring unit for space suited astronauts. Kristall was a micro-gravity enquiry laboratory. Spektr and Priroda were Earth observation platforms.
Mir was taken out of orbit in 2001 considering of fiscal reasons. There just wasn't plenty regime or private funding to keep information technology in performance. What remains of the Mir Space Station is now somewhere at the bottom of the Pacific Sea, only information technology volition remain a huge achievement in infinite technology and a landmark in spaceflight history.
ACTIVITY
Do some enquiry and make a timeline
of f the Mir Orbital Complex.
• With a partner, discuss anything you know about Mir that is not mentioned in the text.
• What other landmark events in infinite has Russia been involved in?
Irina Kolesnikova is the prima ballerina for the St Petersburg Ballet Theatre and has won many Russian and international prizes.
What do you lot dream of becoming? Any it is, you must follow your dream and never give up, no matter what life throws in your way. That'due south what a young Russian woman called lrina Kolesnikova did, and now she is the brightest star in ballet today. She has captivated audiences around the globe with her performances as Odette and Odile in Swan Lake, Clara in The Nutcracker, Aurora in The Sleeping Beauty, Giselle, and many more.
lrina grew up in St Petersburg and the moment she saw The Sleeping Beauty on TV, she decided she wanted to become a ballerina. She enrolled at the Vaganova Schoolhouse, but her teachers were unkind and made her lose faith in her beauty and talent. She lost all her confidence, and after graduation she couldn't find a ballet visitor to hire her. She was rejected by both the Kirov and the Mussorgsky Theatres, and didn't know what to exercise. Then unexpectedly, she met an old school friend who brash her to audience for the recently formed St Petersburg Ballet Theatre, and she was accustomed.
lrina chop-chop rose through the ranks and word of her talent and skill spread far and broad. People flocked to come across her when the company toured England, Australia, Southward Africa, and Nihon. She has as well won many aureate and silverish medals in international competitions, and she was nominated past British critics for 'All-time Female Dancer' at London's National Dance Awards.
lrina is a perfect instance of why you lot should never give upwards on your dream. Success comes to those who keep on trying!
• What do you most admire about Irina Kolesnikova?
• What is your dream and how practise you intend to accomplish it?
ACTIVITY
Write to Spotlight on Russia aboi a hero/heroine of yours who has achieved success through hard piece of work and determination.
There are thousands of natural and cultural attractions in Russia and no improve manner to come across them than by train.
Many people say the but manner to see Russian federation is by train. So, if you lot're going by train, you may also continue the nicest and longest train journey at that place is - on the Trans-Siberian Railway. From start to finish the journey covers six,000 miles, that'southward a 3rd of the manner around the Earth!
The best thing about this journey though, is that you don't have to brand it continuous. In that location is a regular service, and then y'all can get on and off the train to enjoy the many wonderful cities forth the mode. For example, y'all tin terminate at Yoroslavl, which is one of Russia's oldest cities and has many beautiful buildings to see. Then there is Krasnoyarsk, founded in 1628, where you can come across the unusual cliffs at Stolby Reserve. Let'south not forget Vladivostok, with its beautiful natural harbour and lively city middle.
The railway has iii master routes. The Trans-Siberian line goes from Moscow to Vladivostock. The Trans-Manchurian line goes from Tarskaya to Beijing through Red china, and the Trans-Mongolian line goes from Ulan-Ude to Beijing through Mongolia. Whichever one y'all accept though, you lot can be sure to pass through some of the most amazing landscapes in the world and visit some picturesque towns and cities. With the Trans-Siberian Railway, getting there is as much fun as existence at that place!
• Talk with your partner about a identify in Russia yous would actually like to visit.
• Have you ever been on the Trans-Siberian Railway? If aye, what was it like? If no, would you like to? Why (not)?
Activity
Write to Spotlight on Russia and tell us which Russian cities y'all have visited and which ones you lot would like to visit.
Английский язык. xi класс : учеб. для общеобразоват. учреждений / [О.В. Афанасьева, Дж.Дули, И.В. Михеева и др.]. - 2-е изд., доп. и перераб. - М.: Express Publishing : Просвещение, 2009. - 244 с. : ил. - (Английский в фокусе).
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